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Medgar Evers
On June 12, 1963, Evers pulled into his driveway after returning from an integration
meeting where he had conferred with NAACP lawyers. Emerging from his car and carrying NAACP T-shirts that
stated, "Jim Crow Must Go", Evers was struck in the back with a bullet that
ricocheted into his home. He staggered 30 feet before collapsing, dying at the local hospital 50 minutes later. Evers was
murdered just hours after President John F. Kennedy's speech on national television in support of civil rights. Mourned nationally,
Evers was buried on June 19 in Arlington National Cemetery and received full military honors in front of a crowd of more than 3,000 people, the largest funeral
at Arlington since the interment of John Foster Dulles, former U.S. Secretary of State in 1959.
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The Rev. Dr. Vernon Johns
Vernon Johns
(April 22, 1892 – June 11, 1965) was an American minister and civil rights leader who was active in the struggle for civil rights for African Americans from the 1920s. He
is considered the father of the American Civil Rights Movement, having laid the foundation on which Martin Luther King, Jr. and others would build. He was Dr. King's predecessor as
pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama from 1947 to 1952, and a mentor of Ralph Abernathy, Wyatt Walker, and many others in the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Johns
was born in Darlington Heights, Prince Edward County, Virginia. He died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C. at age 73.
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The Greensboro Four
February 1st, 1960, Greensboro NC. Four students from North Carolina A&T sit down at a "whites-only"
Woolworth's lunch counter and ask to be served. This action by David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, and Joseph
McNeil ignites a wave of student sit-ins and protests that flash like fire across the South. A fire for justice that no amount
of beatings, jails, or firehoses, can extinguish. Within days sit-ins are occurring in dozens of Southern towns, and in the
North supporting picket-lines spring up at Woolworth and Kress stores from New York to San Francisco.
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Dr. Carter Goodson
We
owe the celebration of Black History Month, and more importantly, the study of black history, to Dr. Carter G. Woodson. Born
to parents who were former slaves, he spent his childhood working in the Kentucky coal mines and enrolled in high school at
age twenty. He graduated within two years and later went on to earn a Ph.D. from Harvard. The scholar was disturbed to find
in his studies that history books largely ignored the black American population-and when blacks did figure into the picture,
it was generally in ways that reflected the inferior social position they were assigned at the time.
Woodson, always
one to act on his ambitions, decided to take on the challenge of writing black Americans into the nation's history. He
established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (now called the Association for the Study of Afro-American
Life and History) in 1915, and a year later founded the widely respected Journal of Negro History. In 1926, he launched Negro
History Week as an initiative to bring national attention to the contributions of black people throughout American history.
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Emmett Louis "Bobo" Till (July 25, 1941 - August 28, 1955) was a fourteen year old African-American
boy from Chicago, Illinois brutally murdered [1] in Money, Mississippi, a small town in the state's Delta region. His
murder has been cited as one of the key events that energized the nascent American Civil Rights Movement.[1] The main suspects
were acquitted, but later admitted to committing the crime.
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Carole Robertson
Addie Mae Collins
Denise McNair
Cynthia
Wesley
The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was a racially motivated terrorist incident at 16th Street Baptist Church, Birmingham, Alabama, in the United States. It was a turning-point in the U.S. civil-rights movement of the mid 20th century. On a quiet Sunday morning, September
15, 1963, four little black girls prepared their Sunday School lessons in the basement of the church. In the same basement
sat a bomb placed by segregationists, designed to kill and maim in protest of the forced integration of Birmingham's public
schools. Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, Cynthia Wesley, and Addie Mae Collins were killed in the explosion. Angry blacks
rioted and the civil authorities responded with great violence. During the rest of the day, other black youths were murdered
by police and civilians alike, compounding the desperation.
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